Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
Definition: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat chronic sinusitis and other sinus-related conditions. It involves the use of an endoscope—a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera—to view the sinus passages and guide the removal of blockages, polyps, or infected tissue, improving sinus drainage and function.
Purpose
The primary goals of FESS are:
- Restore normal drainage of the sinuses.
- Relieve symptoms of chronic sinusitis, such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and recurrent infections.
- Improve airflow through the nasal passages.
- Enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic sinus issues.
Indications
FESS is typically recommended for individuals who have:
- Chronic sinusitis that does not respond to medical treatments.
- Nasal polyps obstructing the sinus openings.
- Sinus infections causing complications such as abscesses or orbital cellulitis.
- Structural abnormalities like deviated septum or concha bullosa contributing to sinus blockages.
- Recurrent acute sinusitis impacting quality of life.
Procedure
FESS is performed under local or general anesthesia. The procedure generally involves:
- Preparation: The patient is prepped and anesthesia is administered to ensure comfort.
- Insertion of the Endoscope: The endoscope is inserted into the nostril to provide a magnified view of sinus passages.
- Removal of Blockages: Specialized instruments remove blockages such as polyps, scar tissue, or infected mucosa.
- Addressing Structural Issues: Structural abnormalities like deviated septum or enlarged turbinates may be corrected if needed.
- Ensuring Proper Drainage: All sinus pathways are checked to ensure proper mucus drainage.
- Conclusion: Instruments and endoscope are removed; nasal packing may be placed to control bleeding.
Recovery
Postoperative care includes:
- Resting with head elevated to reduce swelling.
- Avoiding strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and nose blowing for a few weeks.
- Using saline nasal sprays or rinses to aid healing.
- Taking prescribed medications like pain relievers, antibiotics, or nasal corticosteroids.
- Attending follow-up appointments to monitor healing and remove any nasal packing or splints.
Risks and Complications
Potential risks of FESS include:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Adverse reaction to anesthesia
- Scarring or adhesions in the nasal passages
- Persistent symptoms or recurrence of sinus issues
- Rare injury to the eye or brain
Benefits
- Minimally Invasive: Less postoperative pain, reduced bleeding, and faster recovery.
- Improved Sinus Function: Relief from chronic sinus symptoms and better drainage.
- Enhanced Quality of Life: Improved sleep, reduced facial pain, and overall well-being.
Outcomes
When performed by an experienced ENT surgeon like Dr. Pooja Gullapalli, FESS has a high success rate. Most patients report significant improvements in sinus symptoms and quality of life, with long-lasting results.
Conclusion
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a vital surgical intervention for chronic sinusitis and sinus-related conditions. Dr. Pooja Gullapalli’s expertise ensures precise, effective, and safe treatment, improving breathing and overall quality of life.