Mastoidectomy
Definition: Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of infected or diseased mastoid air cells located in the mastoid bone, part of the temporal bone of the skull behind the ear. This procedure treats chronic ear infections, mastoiditis, and other complications affecting the mastoid bone and middle ear.
Purpose
The primary goals of mastoidectomy are:
- Eliminate infection from the mastoid bone and middle ear.
- Prevent the spread of infection to nearby structures, including the brain.
- Improve hearing if it has been affected by the disease.
- Remove cholesteatoma, a noncancerous growth in the middle ear and mastoid.
Indications
Mastoidectomy is typically recommended for individuals who have:
- Chronic otitis media that does not respond to medical treatment.
- Cholesteatoma causing chronic infection and damage to ear structures.
- Complications from ear infections, such as abscesses or meningitis.
- Hearing loss related to mastoid disease.
Types of Mastoidectomy
- Simple (or Closed) Mastoidectomy: Removal of diseased mastoid air cells while leaving the ear canal wall intact.
- Radical Mastoidectomy: Extensive removal of mastoid air cells, parts of the ear canal wall, and sometimes the eardrum and middle ear structures.
- Modified Radical Mastoidectomy: Similar to radical mastoidectomy, but preserves the eardrum and some middle ear structures.
- Canal Wall Up Mastoidectomy: The posterior ear canal wall is left intact.
- Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: The posterior ear canal wall is removed for better access to mastoid air cells and middle ear space.
Procedure
Mastoidectomy is performed under general anesthesia. The general steps include:
- Incision: Made behind the ear to access the mastoid bone.
- Removal of Diseased Tissue: Infected or diseased mastoid air cells and affected tissues are removed.
- Reconstruction: Middle ear structures or eardrum may be reconstructed if necessary.
- Closure: Incision is closed with sutures, and a sterile dressing is applied.
Recovery
Postoperative care includes:
- Keeping the ear dry and clean.
- Avoiding strenuous activities and heavy lifting.
- Taking prescribed medications, such as antibiotics and pain relievers.
- Attending follow-up appointments to monitor healing and remove any packing or dressings.
Risks and Complications
Mastoidectomy carries some risks, including:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hearing loss
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ear)
- Facial nerve injury
- Recurrence of the disease
Outcomes
When performed by an experienced ENT surgeon like Dr. Pooja Gullapalli, mastoidectomy has a high success rate in controlling infection and preventing its spread. Many patients experience symptom relief, improved ear function, and better overall health.
Conclusion
Mastoidectomy is a critical surgical intervention for chronic ear infections, mastoiditis, and cholesteatoma. Dr. Pooja Gullapalli's expertise ensures comprehensive care, successful outcomes, and enhanced quality of life for her patients.